Diferenças entre edições de "Utilizador:2403850"

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== '''Jonatan Napoles Oliveira''' ==
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{{Short description|English geneticist and Nobel laureate (born 1949)}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
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{{Use British English|date=May 2012}}
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{{Infobox officeholder
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| honorific_prefix = [[Sir]]
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| name            = Paul Nurse
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| honorific_suffix = {{postnominals|country=GBR|OM|CH|PRS|FMedSci|size=100%}}<br>{{postnominals|country=GBR|HonFREng|HonFBA|MAE|size=100%}}
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| image            = Paul Nurse portrait.jpg
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| image_size      =
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| caption          =
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| title            = [[President of the Royal Society]]
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| order            = 61st and 64th
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| term_start      = 1 December 2025
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| term_end        =
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| predecessor      = [[Adrian Smith (statistician)|Adrian Smith]]
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| successor        =
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| term_start2      = 1 December 2010
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| term_end2        = 1 December 2015
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| predecessor2    = [[Martin Rees|The Lord Rees of Ludlow]]
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| successor2      = [[Venkatraman Ramakrishnan]]
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| title3          = Chancellor of the [[University of Bristol]]
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| term_start3      = 2017
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| term_end3        =
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| president3      = [[Hugh Brady (academic)|Hugh Brady]]
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| predecessor3    = [[The Baroness Hale of Richmond]]
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| successor3      =
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| title4          = President of [[Rockefeller University]]
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| order4          = 9th
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| term_start4      = 2003
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| term_end4        = 2011
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| predecessor4    = [[Arnold Levine]]
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| successor4      = [[Marc Tessier-Lavigne]]
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| birth_name      = Paul Maxime Nurse
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| birth_date      = {{birth date and age|1949|01|25|df=yes}}<ref name=whoswho>{{Who's Who | title=NURSE, Sir Paul (Maxime) | id = U29778 | volume = 2014 | edition = online [[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref>
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| birth_place      = [[Norwich]], [[Norfolk]], England
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| footnotes        =
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| website          = {{URL|crick.ac.uk/research/a-z-researchers/researchers-k-o/paul-nurse/|Francis Crick Institute - Paul Nurse}}
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| spouse          = {{marriage|Anne Teresa Talbott|1971}}<ref name=whoswho/>
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| children        = 2 daughters<ref name=whoswho/>
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| module          = {{Infobox scientist | embed = yes
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  |fields            = {{Plainlist|
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* [[Genetics]]
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* [[Cell biology]]
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* [[Cell cycle]]}}
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  |workplaces        = {{Plainlist|
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* [[Royal Society]]
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* [[Francis Crick Institute]]
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* [[Rockefeller University]]
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* [[University of Bristol]]
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* [[University of Edinburgh]]
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* [[University of Oxford]]
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* [[Linacre College]]
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* [[Imperial Cancer Research Fund]]
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* [[Cancer Research UK]]
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*[[University of Sussex]]}}
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  |education        =
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  |doctoral_advisor  = Anthony P. Sims<ref name=nursephd/>
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  | thesis_title = The spatial and temporal organisation of amino acid pools in Candida utilis
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  | thesis_url = http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.467339
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  | thesis_year = 1974
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  |academic_advisors =
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  |doctoral_students = [[Alison Woollard]]<ref name=woollardphd>{{cite thesis |degree=DPhil |first=Alison |last=Woollard |title=Cell cycle control in fission yeast |publisher=University of Oxford |date=1995 |website=bodleian.ox.ac.uk |url=http://solo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/OXVU1:LSCOP_OX:oxfaleph013717690 |oclc=43404640 |id={{EThOS|uk.bl.ethos.318479}} }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
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  |known_for        =
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  |influences        =
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  |influenced        =
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  |awards            = {{Plainlist|
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* [[Rosenstiel Award]] (1992)
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* [[Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine]] (1992)<ref name="Jeantet">{{cite web |title=Professor Paul NURSE |url=https://www.jeantet.ch/en/prix-louis-jeantet/laureats/1992-en/professeur-paul-nurse/ |website=Fondation Louis-Jeantet |date=October 2017 |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref>
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* [[Royal Medal]] (1995)
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* [[Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research|Lasker Award]] (1998)
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* [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (2001)
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* [[Copley Medal]] (2005)
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* [[Albert Einstein World Award of Science]] (2013)}}
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  }}
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| education        = [[University of Birmingham]] ([[BSc]])<br />[[University of East Anglia]] ([[PhD]])
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}}
  
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----
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'''Sir Paul Maxime Nurse''' (born 25 January 1949) is an English [[geneticist]], [[President of the Royal Society]] and former Chief Executive and Director of the [[Francis Crick Institute]].<ref>{{Cite journal
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| pmid = 22748588
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| year = 2012
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| last1 = Nurse
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| first1 = P
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| title = In answer to questions about the Francis Crick Institute
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| journal = The Lancet
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| volume = 379
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| issue = 9835
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| pages = 2427–8
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| doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61066-6
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| s2cid = 37007507
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}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
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| pmid = 23828914
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| year = 2013
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| last1 = Nurse
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| first1 = Paul
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| title = Building better institutions
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| journal = Science
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| volume = 341
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| issue = 6141
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| pages = 10
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| last2 = Treisman
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| first2 = Richard
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| last3 = Smith
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| first3 = Jim
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| author-link3 = James Cuthbert Smith
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| doi = 10.1126/science.1242307
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| bibcode = 2013Sci...341...10N
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| doi-access = free
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}}</ref><ref name=scopus>{{Scopus|id=7101733795}}</ref> He was awarded the 2001 [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]], along with [[Leland Hartwell]] and [[Tim Hunt]], for their discoveries of protein molecules that control the division of cells in the [[cell cycle]].<ref name="nobelmedicine2001">{{cite web |title=The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2001 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2001/summary/ |website=The Nobel Prize |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref>
  
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Estudante de Engenharia Informática na Universidade Aberta, educador tecnológico e membro da Ordem dos Engenheiros. Exerce funções como representante do Colégio de Engenharia Informática no Grupo Jovens Engenheiros da Região Sul da Ordem dos Engenheiros, contribuindo ativamente para iniciativas de promoção da engenharia, da inovação tecnológica e da literacia científica.
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==Early life and education==
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Nurse's mother went from London to [[Norwich]] and lived with relatives while awaiting Paul's birth (at the age of 18)<ref name=mother>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2014/aug/09/paul-nurse-birth-certificate-not-mothers-name|title=Sir Paul Nurse: 'I looked at my birth certificate. That was not my mother's name'|website=[[TheGuardian.com]]|date=9 August 2014}}</ref> in order to hide [[illegitimacy]]. For the rest of their lives, his maternal grandmother pretended to be his mother, and his mother pretended to be his sister.<ref name=tls>{{cite web |last1=Al-Khalili |first1=Jim |title=Paul Nurse - life and work |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b015n3b7 |website=The Life Scientific |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref>
  
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É igualmente membro da Associação Académica da Universidade Aberta, participando na dinamização da comunidade académica e no fortalecimento da ligação entre estudantes, ensino superior, ciência e sociedade.
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Paul was brought up by his grandparents (whom he took to be his parents) in North West London.<ref name=mother/> He was educated at Lyon Park school in [[Alperton]] and [[Harrow County School for Boys|Harrow County Grammar School]].<ref name=whoswho/> He received his [[BSc]] degree in [[Biology]] in 1970 from the [[University of Birmingham]]<ref>[http://www.birmingham.ac.uk/alumni/ouralumni/Our-alumni.aspx Our Alumni] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150421034854/http://www.birmingham.ac.uk/alumni/ouralumni/Our-alumni.aspx |date=21 April 2015 }} – website of the University of Birmingham</ref> and his [[PhD]] degree in 1973 from the [[University of East Anglia]] for research on ''[[Candida utilis]]''.<ref name=nursephd>{{cite thesis |degree=PhD |first=Paul Maxime |last=Nurse |title=The spatial and temporal organisation of amino acid pools in ''Candida utilis'' |publisher=University of East Anglia |date=1974 |url=http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.467339 |id={{EThOS|uk.bl.ethos.467339}} |oclc=500529574 |archive-date=29 July 2020 |access-date=6 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729020812/https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.467339 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He then pursued postdoctoral work at the [[University of Bern]], the [[University of Edinburgh]] and the [[University of Sussex]].
  
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Possui particular interesse nas áreas de desenvolvimento de software, segurança da informação, cibersegurança, computação quântica, inteligência artificial, arquitetura de sistemas e tecnologias emergentes. O seu percurso académico e profissional combina conhecimentos em programação, sistemas computacionais e matemática aplicada com experiência na educação tecnológica e na divulgação científica.
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Nurse did not know that his "sister" was in fact his mother until he was in his 50s. His "parents" had both already died and his "sister" Miriam, eighteen years his senior, had died early of [[multiple sclerosis]]. His application for a [[green card]] for US residency while president of [[Rockefeller University]] was, to his surprise, rejected, despite him being a [[Nobel Prize]] winner, president of a university and a knight; this was because he had submitted a short-form [[Birth certificate#United Kingdom|UK birth certificate]] which did not name his parents. When he applied for a full birth certificate he discovered the truth, to his astonishment.<ref name=mother/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2020/aug/15/sir-paul-nurse-the-uk-has-taken-a-leap-several-decades-into-the-past |title=Sir Paul Nurse: 'The UK has taken a leap several decades into the past' |newspaper=The Guardian |author=Andrew Anthony |date= 15 August 2020}}</ref> [[Turi King|Professor Turi King]] traced his father for him in 2023.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LOWgHNBNuQ8 |title=My Family's Secret: Sir Paul Nurse |date=2023-12-18 |last=Professor Turi King |access-date=2025-10-08 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
  
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Desenvolve continuamente competências técnicas, analíticas e de resolução de problemas através do estudo académico, da participação em projetos tecnológicos e da aprendizagem ao longo da vida. Tem especial interesse na aplicação da ciência e da tecnologia para responder a desafios reais, promovendo soluções sustentadas pela investigação, inovação e pensamento crítico.
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==Career and research==
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Following his PhD studies, Nurse continued his [[postdoctoral research]] at the laboratory of [[Murdoch Mitchison]] at the [[University of Edinburgh]] for the next six years (1973–1979).<ref name="Nobel">{{Nobelprize|accessdate=28 April 2020}} including the Nobel Lecture Nobel Lecture 9 December 2001 ''Controlling the Cell Cycle''</ref><ref name="pmid27270696">{{cite journal|author1= Fantes PA |author2=Hoffman CS| title = A Brief History of Schizosaccharomyces pombe Research: A Perspective Over the Past 70 Years.|journal = [[Genetics (journal)|Genetics]]| volume = 203| issue = 2| pages = 621–9|date=2016| pmid = 27270696| doi =10.1534/genetics.116.189407| pmc = 4896181}}</ref>
  
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Ao nível associativo e institucional, colabora regularmente em atividades ligadas à engenharia, educação, ciência e tecnologia, contribuindo para aproximar estudantes, profissionais, investigadores e a comunidade em geral. Participa em iniciativas de divulgação científica, eventos tecnológicos e ações de promoção da engenharia enquanto motor de desenvolvimento económico, social e sustentável.
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Beginning in 1976, Nurse identified the gene ''[[cdc2]]'' in [[fission yeast]]<ref>{{Cite journal
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| doi = 10.1007/BF00268085
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| last1 = Nurse | first1 = P.
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| last2 = Thuriaux | first2 = P.
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| last3 = Nasmyth | first3 = K.
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| title = Genetic control of the cell division cycle in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe
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| journal = Molecular & General Genetics
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| volume = 146
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| issue = 2
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| pages = 167–178
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| year = 1976
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| pmid = 958201
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| s2cid = 24156567 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
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| last1 = Nurse | first1 = P.
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| title = Wee beasties
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| doi = 10.1038/432557a
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| journal = Nature
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| volume = 432
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| issue = 7017
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| pages = 557
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| year = 2004
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| pmid = 15577889
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| bibcode = 2004Natur.432..557N
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| s2cid = 29840746
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| doi-access = free
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}}</ref> (''[[Schizosaccharomyces pombe]]''). This gene controls the progression of the cell cycle from [[G1 phase]] to [[S phase]] and the transition from [[G2 phase]] to [[mitosis]]. In 1987, Nurse identified the homologous gene in human, ''[[Cdk1]]'', which codes for a [[cyclin dependent kinase]].<ref>{{Cite journal
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| last1 = Lee | first1 = M. G.
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| last2 = Nurse | first2 = P.
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| doi = 10.1038/327031a0
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| title = Complementation used to clone a human homologue of the fission yeast cell cycle control gene cdc2
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| journal = Nature
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| volume = 327
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| issue = 6117
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| pages = 31–35
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| year = 1987
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| pmid = 3553962
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| bibcode = 1987Natur.327...31L
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| s2cid = 4300190
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}}</ref>
  
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Defensor da educação baseada na evidência científica, da aprendizagem contínua e do progresso tecnológico responsável, procura contribuir para o avanço da engenharia informática, da segurança da informação e da educação tecnológica, promovendo a inovação, a criação de conhecimento e a valorização da ciência na sociedade.
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Working in fission yeast, Nurse identified the gene cdc2, which controls the transition from G1 to S, when the cell grows in preparation for the duplication of DNA, and G2 to M, when the cell divides. With his postdoctoral worker [[Melanie Lee]], Nurse also found the corresponding gene, CDK1, in humans. These genes activate and inactivate [[cyclin dependent kinase]] (CDK) by causing phosphate groups to be added or removed.<ref name="illpres">{{cite web |title=The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2001 - Illustrated Lecture |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2001/7743-the-nobel-prize-in-physiology-or-medicine-2001/ |website=The Nobel Prize |access-date=14 October 2021}}</ref>
  
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In 1984, Nurse joined the [[Imperial Cancer Research Fund]] (ICRF, now [[Cancer Research UK]]). He left in 1988 to chair the department of microbiology at the [[University of Oxford]]. He then returned to the ICRF as Director of Research in 1993, and in 1996 was named Director General of the ICRF, which became Cancer Research UK in 2002. In 2003, he became president of [[Rockefeller University]] in [[New York City]]<ref name="tg-2003sep17">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2003/sep/18/scienceinterviews.science |title=Paul Nurse talks to Ian Sample about money, moustaches, and his move to Manhattan |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=17 September 2003 |first=Ian |last=Sample}}</ref> where he continued work on the cell cycle of fission yeast.  In 2011 Nurse became the first Director and Chief Executive of the [[UK Centre for Medical Research and Innovation]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ukcmri.ac.uk/press/press_release6.html |title=Project Press Release |access-date=11 August 2010 |publisher=UK Centre for Medical Research and Innovation web site |date=15 July 2010 }}{{dead link|date=September 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> now the [[Francis Crick Institute]].
  
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'''Áreas de Interesse'''
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On 30 November 2010, Nurse succeeded astrophysicist [[Martin Rees]] for a five-year term as [[President of the Royal Society]] until 2015.
  
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* Engenharia Informática
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Nurse has said good scientists must have passion "to know the answer to the questions" that interest them, along with good technical ability, and a set of attitudes including intellectual honesty, self-criticism, open-mindedness and scepticism.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I_kijV323VQ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111014005420/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I_kijV323VQ |archive-date=2011-10-14 |url-status=dead|title=Unavailable private video|website=youtube.com}}</ref>
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* Desenvolvimento de Software
 
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* Cibersegurança
 
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* Segurança da Informação
 
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* Computação Quântica
 
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* Inteligência Artificial
 
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* Arquitetura de Computadores
 
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* Sistemas Computacionais
 
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* Redes de Computadores
 
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* Tecnologias Emergentes
 
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* Educação Tecnológica
 
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* Educação STEM
 
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* Transformação Digital
 
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* Inovação Tecnológica
 
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* Comunicação Científica
 
  
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==Awards and honours==
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In addition to the Nobel Prize, Nurse has received numerous awards and honours. He was elected an [[EMBO Member]] in 1987<ref name=membo>{{cite web|url=http://people.embo.org/profile/paul-nurse|title=EMBO profile: Paul Nurse|website=people.embo.org}}</ref> and a [[List of Fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1989|Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1989]]<ref name=elected1989>{{cite web|title=Fellowship of the Royal Society 1660–2015 |url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1RVVZY00MZNrK2YCTTzVrbTFH2t3RxoAZah128gQR-NM/pubhtml |publisher=Royal Society |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015185820/https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1RVVZY00MZNrK2YCTTzVrbTFH2t3RxoAZah128gQR-NM/pubhtml |archive-date=15 October 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=royal>{{cite web|url=https://collections.royalsociety.org/DServe.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqCmd=show.tcl&dsqSearch=(RefNo==%27EC%2F1989%2F23%27) |author=Anon |year=1989 |title=EC/1989/23 Nurse, Sir Paul Maxime |publisher=The Royal Society |archive-date= 3 September 2014 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140903124654/https://collections.royalsociety.org/DServe.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqCmd=show.tcl&dsqSearch=(RefNo=='EC/1989/23') |location=London |url-status=dead }}</ref> and a Founder Member of the [[Academy of Medical Sciences]] in 1998.  In 1995, he was awarded the Pezcoller-AACR International Award.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Pezcoller |title=THE PEZCOLLER FOUNDATION – AACR INTERNATIONAL AWARD AND THE NOBEL PRIZE |url=https://www.pezcoller.it/en/awards/the-pezcoller-foundation-%E2%80%93-aacr-international-award-and-the-nobel-prize/ |website=Fondazione Pezcoller - Pezcoller Foundation |access-date=14 October 2021}}</ref> he received a [[Royal Medal]] and became a foreign associate of the U.S. [[National Academy of Sciences]]. He received the [[Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research]] in 1998. Nurse was [[Knight Bachelor|knighted]] in 1999. He was awarded the French [[Legion d'Honneur]] and the Golden Plate Award of the [[American Academy of Achievement]] in 2002.<ref>{{cite web|title= Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement |website=achievement.org|publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]|url=https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#science-exploration}}</ref> He was also awarded the [[Copley Medal]] in 2005. He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]] – one of the top honours – in April 2006. He is a member of the Advisory Council for the [[Campaign for Science and Engineering]].<ref name="CaSE Advisory Council">{{cite web|url=http://www.sciencecampaign.org.uk/about/who/advisory.htm |title=Advisory Council of the Campaign for Science and Engineering |access-date=2011-02-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100828110110/http://www.sciencecampaign.org.uk/about/who/advisory.htm |archive-date=28 August 2010 }}</ref> Nurse is the 2007 recipient of the Hope Funds Award of Excellence in Basic Research. He is a Freeman of the London Borough of Harrow. In 2013, he was awarded the [[Albert Einstein World Award of Science]] by the [[World Cultural Council]].<ref>{{cite web|title=World Cultural Council 30th Award Ceremony|url=http://neworldacademicsummit.com/videos/31317593|publisher=[[Nanyang Technological University]]|date=2 October 2013|access-date=2 October 2013}} {{dead link|date=August 2016}}</ref> In 2015, he was elected a foreign academician of the [[Chinese Academy of Sciences]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cas.cn/tz/201512/t20151207_4488383.shtml |title = Announcement of the list of elected academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2015 关于公布2015年中国科学院院士增选当选院士名单的公告|website = Chinese Academy of Sciences|access-date=2021-10-14}}</ref> and won the 10th annual Henry G. Friesen International Prize in Health Research, in Ottawa, Canada.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/radio/ideas/the-eminent-dr-nurse-1.3442102|title=The Eminent Dr. Nurse |website=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation |access-date=2016-02-26 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/the-2015-henry-g-friesen-international-prize-in-health-research-is-awarded-to-sir-paul-nurse-a-geneticist-and-cell-biologist-and-president-of-the-royal-society-of-london-517702201.html |title=The 2015 Henry G. Friesen International Prize in Health Research is awarded to Sir Paul... – TORONTO, May 4, 2015 |website=Cision - Friends of Canadian Institutes of Health Research |access-date=2016-02-26}}</ref> He was appointed [[Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour]] (CH) in the [[2022 New Year Honours]] for services to science and medicine in the UK and abroad.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/notice/3956040 |title=Order of the Companions of Honour |publisher=[[The London Gazette]] |date=1 January 2022 }}</ref> In November 2022, he was appointed to the Order of Merit.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=His Majesty The King |date=2022-11-11 |title=New Appointments to the Order of Merit |url=https://www.royal.uk/new-appointments-order-of-merit |access-date=2022-11-11 |website=royal.uk}}</ref>
  
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'''Afiliações Institucionais'''
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Nurse has received more than sixty honorary degrees and fellowships, including from the [[University of Bath]] in 2002, the [[University of Oxford]] in 2003, the [[University of Cambridge]] in 2003, the [[University of Kent]] in 2012, the [[University of Warwick]] (Doctor of Science)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/newsandevents/pressreleases/warwick_honorary_degrees_for_stars_of_gavin__stacey__hustle_rsc__royal_court_artistic_directors_scientists_historians_philanthropist___a_us_government_adviser1/|title=Warwick honorary degrees for stars of Gavin & Stacey & Hustle, RSC & Royal Court Artistic Directors, scientists, historians, philanthropist & a US government adviser |publisher=University of Warwick|date=28 June 2013|access-date=30 October 2013}}</ref> the [[University of Worcester]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worcester.ac.uk/community/sir-paul-nurse-graduation-2013.html|title=Worcester honorary degrees and Fellowships|publisher=University of Worcester|date=21 November 2013|access-date=21 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140403021719/http://worcester.ac.uk/community/sir-paul-nurse-graduation-2013.html|archive-date=3 April 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> (Doctor of Science) in 2013, [[City, University of London]]<ref name="City-hondegree2014">{{cite web |title=Honorary graduates 2014 |url=http://www.city.ac.uk/graduation/honorary-graduates/honorary-graduates-2014 |website=Archived from City University London website in Wayback Machine Internet Archive |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202030625/http://www.city.ac.uk/graduation/honorary-graduates/honorary-graduates-2014 |access-date=14 October 2021|archive-date=2 February 2015 }}</ref> (Doctor of Science) in 2014, [[McGill University]]<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.mcgill.ca/channels/news/mcgill-honorary-doctorates-2017-267838 |title = McGill Honorary Doctorates 2017|website=McGill University}}</ref> (Doctor of Science) in 2017, and the [[University of Hong Kong]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Paul Maxime NURSE - Biography - The Honorary Graduates - HKU Honorary Graduates |url=https://www4.hku.hk/hongrads/graduates/honorary-degree-of-doctor-of-science-paul-maxime-paul-maxime-nurse-nurse-paul-maxime-nurse |access-date=2026-02-06 |website=www4.hku.hk |language=en}}</ref> (Doctor of Science) in 2021. In 2020, he was awarded an honorary degree from the [[Mendel University in Brno]] in the Czech Republic.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Polčáková |first1=Petra |title=A top scientist very often moves on the edge of failure, says Nobelist Nurse |url=https://www.universitas.cz/en/people/4722-a-top-scientist-very-often-moves-on-the-edge-of-failure-says-nobelist-nurse |website=Universitas - magazine for universities |date=2 March 2020 |access-date=14 October 2021}}</ref>
  
−
* Estudante de Engenharia Informática — Universidade Aberta
+
He was also appointed an [[Honorary Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering]] (HonFREng) in 2012<ref name="List of Fellows">{{cite web|title=List of Fellows|url=http://www.raeng.org.uk/about-us/people-council-committees/the-fellowship/list-of-fellows?fa=n|website=Archived from Royal Academy of Engineering on Wayback Machine|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140812054314/http://www.raeng.org.uk/about-us/people-council-committees/the-fellowship/list-of-fellows?fa=n|access-date=14 October 2021|archive-date = 12 August 2014}}</ref> and Honorary Fellow of the British Association (HonFBA) in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishscienceassociation.org/our-honorary-fellows|title=Our Honorary Fellows|website=British Science Association|date=28 February 2018 |access-date=14 October 2021}}</ref> In July 2016, it was announced that he would become the next Chancellor of the [[University of Bristol]].<ref name="University of Bristol press release">{{cite web|title=University of Bristol press release|url=http://www.bristol.ac.uk/news/2016/july/new-chancellor.html|website=University of Bristol|date=11 July 2016 |access-date=14 October 2021}}</ref><ref name="bn-2017jan01">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-bristol-38483368 |title=Sir Paul Nurse becomes Bristol University chancellor |website=[[BBC News]] |date=1 January 2017 |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->}}</ref> He is an Honorary Liveryman of the [[Worshipful Company of Scientific Instrument Makers]].<ref name="WCSIM">{{cite web |title=Honorary members - Honorary Liverymen of the Company |url=https://www.wcsim.co.uk/about/honorary-members/ |website=The Worshipful Company of Scientific Instrument Makers |access-date=15 October 2021}}</ref> On 23 November 2024, he was elected the 169th President of [[Birmingham & Midland Institute|The Birmingham & Midland Institute]] by its members. In 2023, Nurse was awarded the [[Dalton Medal]] of the [[Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society]].
−
* Membro da Associação Académica da Universidade Aberta - AAUAb
 
−
* Membro da Ordem dos Engenheiros
 
−
* Representante do Colégio de Engenharia Informática no Grupo Jovens Engenheiros da Região Sul
 
  
 +
==Personal life==
 +
Nurse married Anne Teresa (née Talbott) in 1971; they have two daughters – Sarah, who works for [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]], and Emily,<ref name=emily>Emily Nurse's {{ORCID|0000-0001-6905-1285}}</ref> a physicist based at [[University College London]] and [[CERN]].<ref name="ObserverHomeTruths"/><ref name=whoswho/> He describes himself as a sceptical agnostic.<ref name="Nobel"/>
  
−
'''Interesses de Investigação'''
+
=== Political views ===
 +
Nurse has been a member of the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] for nearly 40 years and is a patron of [[Scientists for Labour]], a [[socialist]] society affiliated to them.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scientistsforlabour.org.uk/about-sfl|title=About SFL}}</ref> In September 2020, he was a co-author on a letter in ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]'' alongside the former prime minister [[Gordon Brown]] highlighting the importance of [[EU]] funding in the fight against [[COVID-19]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Fernando|first1=Benjamin|last2=Brown|first2=Gordon|last3=Thomas|first3=Emily|last4=Head|first4=Michael|last5=Nurse|first5=Paul|last6=Rees|first6=Martin|date=2020-09-22|title=COVID-19 shows UK–EU collaborations are irreplaceable|journal=Nature|language=en|volume=586|issue=7828|pages=200|doi=10.1038/d41586-020-02687-6|pmid=32963368|bibcode=2020Natur.586..200F|doi-access=free|url=https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9802ef8c-7dc0-4e7b-b673-371f61c35f2c/files/sgb19f609d}}</ref>
  
−
* Segurança da Informação
+
As an undergraduate student at Birmingham, Nurse sold ''[[Socialist Worker]]'', and participated in an occupation of the vice-chancellor's office.<ref name="ObserverHomeTruths">{{cite web |last=McKie |first=Robin |url=https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2010/oct/24/profile-paul-nurse-dna-genes|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305081022/http://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2010/oct/24/profile-paul-nurse-dna-genes|archive-date=2016-03-05 |title= Paul Nurse: Home truths for the gene genius |publisher=[[The Observer]] |location=London |date=2010-10-24 |website=theguardian.com }}</ref><ref name="NSPaulNurse">{{cite news |last=Brooks |first=Michael |url=http://www.newstatesman.com/ideas/2011/06/british-science-nurse-society |title=The Science Interview – Paul Nurse |work=[[New Statesman]] |location=London |publisher=Progressive Media International |date=2011-06-09 |access-date=2015-07-13 }}</ref> As a graduate student at East Anglia, he continued to sell ''Socialist Worker'', and was sympathetic to the [[International Socialist Tendency]] but never formally joined the movement.<ref name="THEGibson">{{cite news |url=https://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/features/somehow-i-knew-id-see-you-again-you-bastard/177668.article |title=Somehow, I knew I'd see you again, you bastard |work=[[Times Higher Education]] |publisher=TES Global |date=2003-06-27 |access-date=2015-07-13 }}</ref>
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* Cibersegurança
 
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* Computação Quântica
 
−
* Inteligência Artificial Aplicada
 
−
* Educação em Engenharia Informática
 
−
* Tecnologias Emergentes
 
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* Sistemas Computacionais
 
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* Inovação Tecnológica
 
  
 +
Nurse has criticised potential [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] candidates for the US presidential nomination for opposing the teaching of [[natural selection]], [[Stem cell research policy|stem cell research]] on cell lines from human embryos, and [[anthropogenic climate change]], even partially blaming scientists for not speaking up.<ref name="politics">[https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg21128302.900-stamp-out-antiscience-in-us-politics.html Stamp out anti-science; it's time to reject political movements that turn their backs on science], Paul Nurse, New Scientist, 17 September 2011</ref> He was alarmed that this could happen in the US, a world leader in science, "the home of [[Benjamin Franklin]], [[Richard Feynman]] and [[James D. Watson|Jim Watson]]".<ref name="politics"/>
  
−
'''Missão'''
+
One problem, Nurse said, was "treating scientific discussion as if it were political debate", using rhetorical tricks rather than logic. Another was the state of science teaching in the schools, which does not teach citizens how to discuss science – particularly in religious schools, even in the United Kingdom.<ref name="politics"/> Nurse has written that "we need to emphasise why the scientific process is such a reliable generator of knowledge with its respect for evidence, for scepticism, for consistency of approach, for the constant testing of ideas."<ref name="politics"/> Furthermore, Nurse feels that scientific leaders "have a responsibility to expose the bunkum". They should take on politicians, and expose nonsense during elections.<ref name="politics"/>
  
−
Contribuir para a promoção da engenharia, da ciência e da educação tecnológica através da inovação, da investigação, da divulgação científica e da partilha de conhecimento, procurando aproximar a tecnologia das necessidades reais da sociedade e inspirar futuras gerações de engenheiros e profissionais das áreas STEM.
+
In August 2014, Nurse was one of 200 public figures who were signatories to a letter to ''[[The Guardian]]'' expressing their hope that Scotland would vote to remain part of the United Kingdom in September's [[2014 Scottish independence referendum|referendum on that issue]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2014/aug/07/celebrities-open-letter-scotland-independence-full-text |title=Celebrities' open letter to Scotland – full text and list of signatories |work=The Guardian |location=London |date=7 August 2014 |access-date=26 August 2014}}</ref>
  
 +
Nurse believes that scientists should speak out about science in public affairs and challenge politicians who support policies based on [[pseudoscience]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Nurse |first=Paul|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg21128302.900-stamp-out-antiscience-in-us-politics.html|title=Stamp out anti-science in US politics|website=New Scientist}}</ref>
  
−
'''Palavras-chave'''
+
As the President of the [[Royal Society]], Nurse defended [[Elon Musk]]'s membership of that society.<ref>https://www.ft.com/content/088b804f-15e0-4a8e-b32d-146a826b8d6c</ref>
  
−
Engenharia Informática, Computer Engineering, Software Development, Programming, Cybersecurity, Information Security, Quantum Computing, Artificial Intelligence, Computer Systems, Systems Architecture, STEM Education, Technology Education, Digital Transformation, Scientific Communication, Innovation, Emerging Technologies, Engineering Education, Portugal.
+
== Books ==
 +
 
 +
* ''What Is Life?: Understand Biology In Five Steps'' (2020), [[David Fickling Books]]<ref>https://www.davidficklingbooks.com/shop/ItemDetails.php?pubID=281</ref>
 +
* ''What Is Life?: Five Great Ideas in Biology'' (2021), [[W. W. Norton & Company]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Nurse |first=Paul|title=What Is Life?|date=2 February 2021 |publisher=National Geographic Books |isbn=978-0393541151 }}</ref>
 +
 
 +
==See also==
 +
* [[List of presidents of the Royal Society]]
 +
 
 +
==References==
 +
{{reflist|30em}}
 +
 
 +
==External links==
 +
{{Wikiquote}}
 +
 
 +
* {{Nobelprize}} including the Nobel Lecture Nobel Lecture 9 December 2001 ''Controlling the Cell Cycle''
 +
* [https://themoth.org/storytellers/paul-nurse-hoffman Stories told by Paul Nurse] at [[The Moth]]
 +
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b015n3b7 Paul Nurse on the premiere episode of ''The Life Scientific''] ([[BBC Radio 4]]), originally aired: 11 Oct 2011, 30 minutes in length
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Revisão das 20h30min de 19 de junho de 2026



Biografia

Predefinição:Short description Predefinição:Use dmy dates Predefinição:Use British English Predefinição:Infobox officeholder

Sir Paul Maxime Nurse (born 25 January 1949) is an English geneticist, President of the Royal Society and former Chief Executive and Director of the Francis Crick Institute.[1][2][3] He was awarded the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, along with Leland Hartwell and Tim Hunt, for their discoveries of protein molecules that control the division of cells in the cell cycle.[4]

Early life and education

Nurse's mother went from London to Norwich and lived with relatives while awaiting Paul's birth (at the age of 18)[5] in order to hide illegitimacy. For the rest of their lives, his maternal grandmother pretended to be his mother, and his mother pretended to be his sister.[6]

Paul was brought up by his grandparents (whom he took to be his parents) in North West London.[5] He was educated at Lyon Park school in Alperton and Harrow County Grammar School.[7] He received his BSc degree in Biology in 1970 from the University of Birmingham[8] and his PhD degree in 1973 from the University of East Anglia for research on Candida utilis.[9] He then pursued postdoctoral work at the University of Bern, the University of Edinburgh and the University of Sussex.

Nurse did not know that his "sister" was in fact his mother until he was in his 50s. His "parents" had both already died and his "sister" Miriam, eighteen years his senior, had died early of multiple sclerosis. His application for a green card for US residency while president of Rockefeller University was, to his surprise, rejected, despite him being a Nobel Prize winner, president of a university and a knight; this was because he had submitted a short-form UK birth certificate which did not name his parents. When he applied for a full birth certificate he discovered the truth, to his astonishment.[5][10] Professor Turi King traced his father for him in 2023.[11]

Career and research

Following his PhD studies, Nurse continued his postdoctoral research at the laboratory of Murdoch Mitchison at the University of Edinburgh for the next six years (1973–1979).[12][13]

Beginning in 1976, Nurse identified the gene cdc2 in fission yeast[14][15] (Schizosaccharomyces pombe). This gene controls the progression of the cell cycle from G1 phase to S phase and the transition from G2 phase to mitosis. In 1987, Nurse identified the homologous gene in human, Cdk1, which codes for a cyclin dependent kinase.[16]

Working in fission yeast, Nurse identified the gene cdc2, which controls the transition from G1 to S, when the cell grows in preparation for the duplication of DNA, and G2 to M, when the cell divides. With his postdoctoral worker Melanie Lee, Nurse also found the corresponding gene, CDK1, in humans. These genes activate and inactivate cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) by causing phosphate groups to be added or removed.[17]

In 1984, Nurse joined the Imperial Cancer Research Fund (ICRF, now Cancer Research UK). He left in 1988 to chair the department of microbiology at the University of Oxford. He then returned to the ICRF as Director of Research in 1993, and in 1996 was named Director General of the ICRF, which became Cancer Research UK in 2002. In 2003, he became president of Rockefeller University in New York City[18] where he continued work on the cell cycle of fission yeast. In 2011 Nurse became the first Director and Chief Executive of the UK Centre for Medical Research and Innovation,[19] now the Francis Crick Institute.

On 30 November 2010, Nurse succeeded astrophysicist Martin Rees for a five-year term as President of the Royal Society until 2015.

Nurse has said good scientists must have passion "to know the answer to the questions" that interest them, along with good technical ability, and a set of attitudes including intellectual honesty, self-criticism, open-mindedness and scepticism.[20]

Awards and honours

In addition to the Nobel Prize, Nurse has received numerous awards and honours. He was elected an EMBO Member in 1987[21] and a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1989[22][23] and a Founder Member of the Academy of Medical Sciences in 1998. In 1995, he was awarded the Pezcoller-AACR International Award.[24] he received a Royal Medal and became a foreign associate of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. He received the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research in 1998. Nurse was knighted in 1999. He was awarded the French Legion d'Honneur and the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement in 2002.[25] He was also awarded the Copley Medal in 2005. He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences – one of the top honours – in April 2006. He is a member of the Advisory Council for the Campaign for Science and Engineering.[26] Nurse is the 2007 recipient of the Hope Funds Award of Excellence in Basic Research. He is a Freeman of the London Borough of Harrow. In 2013, he was awarded the Albert Einstein World Award of Science by the World Cultural Council.[27] In 2015, he was elected a foreign academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,[28] and won the 10th annual Henry G. Friesen International Prize in Health Research, in Ottawa, Canada.[29][30] He was appointed Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour (CH) in the 2022 New Year Honours for services to science and medicine in the UK and abroad.[31] In November 2022, he was appointed to the Order of Merit.[32]

Nurse has received more than sixty honorary degrees and fellowships, including from the University of Bath in 2002, the University of Oxford in 2003, the University of Cambridge in 2003, the University of Kent in 2012, the University of Warwick (Doctor of Science)[33] the University of Worcester[34] (Doctor of Science) in 2013, City, University of London[35] (Doctor of Science) in 2014, McGill University[36] (Doctor of Science) in 2017, and the University of Hong Kong[37] (Doctor of Science) in 2021. In 2020, he was awarded an honorary degree from the Mendel University in Brno in the Czech Republic.[38]

He was also appointed an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering (HonFREng) in 2012[39] and Honorary Fellow of the British Association (HonFBA) in 2013.[40] In July 2016, it was announced that he would become the next Chancellor of the University of Bristol.[41][42] He is an Honorary Liveryman of the Worshipful Company of Scientific Instrument Makers.[43] On 23 November 2024, he was elected the 169th President of The Birmingham & Midland Institute by its members. In 2023, Nurse was awarded the Dalton Medal of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society.

Personal life

Nurse married Anne Teresa (née Talbott) in 1971; they have two daughters – Sarah, who works for ITV, and Emily,[44] a physicist based at University College London and CERN.[45][7] He describes himself as a sceptical agnostic.[12]

Political views

Nurse has been a member of the Labour Party for nearly 40 years and is a patron of Scientists for Labour, a socialist society affiliated to them.[46] In September 2020, he was a co-author on a letter in Nature alongside the former prime minister Gordon Brown highlighting the importance of EU funding in the fight against COVID-19.[47]

As an undergraduate student at Birmingham, Nurse sold Socialist Worker, and participated in an occupation of the vice-chancellor's office.[45][48] As a graduate student at East Anglia, he continued to sell Socialist Worker, and was sympathetic to the International Socialist Tendency but never formally joined the movement.[49]

Nurse has criticised potential Republican Party candidates for the US presidential nomination for opposing the teaching of natural selection, stem cell research on cell lines from human embryos, and anthropogenic climate change, even partially blaming scientists for not speaking up.[50] He was alarmed that this could happen in the US, a world leader in science, "the home of Benjamin Franklin, Richard Feynman and Jim Watson".[50]

One problem, Nurse said, was "treating scientific discussion as if it were political debate", using rhetorical tricks rather than logic. Another was the state of science teaching in the schools, which does not teach citizens how to discuss science – particularly in religious schools, even in the United Kingdom.[50] Nurse has written that "we need to emphasise why the scientific process is such a reliable generator of knowledge with its respect for evidence, for scepticism, for consistency of approach, for the constant testing of ideas."[50] Furthermore, Nurse feels that scientific leaders "have a responsibility to expose the bunkum". They should take on politicians, and expose nonsense during elections.[50]

In August 2014, Nurse was one of 200 public figures who were signatories to a letter to The Guardian expressing their hope that Scotland would vote to remain part of the United Kingdom in September's referendum on that issue.[51]

Nurse believes that scientists should speak out about science in public affairs and challenge politicians who support policies based on pseudoscience.[52]

As the President of the Royal Society, Nurse defended Elon Musk's membership of that society.[53]

Books

See also

References

Predefinição:Reflist

External links

Predefinição:Wikiquote

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Predefinição:Copley Medallists 2001-2050 Predefinição:Royal Society presidents 1900s Predefinição:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Laureates 2001-2025 Predefinição:2001 Nobel Prize winners Predefinição:Albert Einstein World Award of Science Laureates Predefinição:Francis Crick Institute Predefinição:Heineken Prizes Predefinição:FRS 1989 Predefinição:Dalton Medallists Predefinição:University of Bristol Predefinição:United24 Predefinição:Authority control

Predefinição:Portal bar
  1. ↑ Predefinição:Cite journal
  2. ↑ Predefinição:Cite journal
  3. ↑ Predefinição:Scopus
  4. ↑ Predefinição:Cite web
  5. ↑ 5,0 5,1 5,2 Predefinição:Cite web
  6. ↑ Predefinição:Cite web
  7. ↑ 7,0 7,1 Erro de citação: Código <ref> inválido; não foi fornecido texto para as refs de nome whoswho
  8. ↑ Our Alumni Predefinição:Webarchive – website of the University of Birmingham
  9. ↑ Predefinição:Cite thesis
  10. ↑ Predefinição:Cite web
  11. ↑ Predefinição:Cite AV media
  12. ↑ 12,0 12,1 Predefinição:Nobelprize including the Nobel Lecture Nobel Lecture 9 December 2001 Controlling the Cell Cycle
  13. ↑ Predefinição:Cite journal
  14. ↑ Predefinição:Cite journal
  15. ↑ Predefinição:Cite journal
  16. ↑ Predefinição:Cite journal
  17. ↑ Predefinição:Cite web
  18. ↑ Predefinição:Cite news
  19. ↑ Predefinição:Cite webPredefinição:Dead link
  20. ↑ Predefinição:Cite web
  21. ↑ Predefinição:Cite web
  22. ↑ Predefinição:Cite web
  23. ↑ Predefinição:Cite web
  24. ↑ Predefinição:Cite web
  25. ↑ Predefinição:Cite web
  26. ↑ Predefinição:Cite web
  27. ↑ Predefinição:Cite web Predefinição:Dead link
  28. ↑ Predefinição:Cite web
  29. ↑ Predefinição:Cite web
  30. ↑ Predefinição:Cite web
  31. ↑ Predefinição:Cite web
  32. ↑ Predefinição:Cite web
  33. ↑ Predefinição:Cite web
  34. ↑ Predefinição:Cite web
  35. ↑ Predefinição:Cite web
  36. ↑ Predefinição:Cite web
  37. ↑ Predefinição:Cite web
  38. ↑ Predefinição:Cite web
  39. ↑ Predefinição:Cite web
  40. ↑ Predefinição:Cite web
  41. ↑ Predefinição:Cite web
  42. ↑ Predefinição:Cite news
  43. ↑ Predefinição:Cite web
  44. ↑ Emily Nurse's Predefinição:ORCID
  45. ↑ 45,0 45,1 Predefinição:Cite web
  46. ↑ Predefinição:Cite web
  47. ↑ Predefinição:Cite journal
  48. ↑ Predefinição:Cite news
  49. ↑ Predefinição:Cite news
  50. ↑ 50,0 50,1 50,2 50,3 50,4 Stamp out anti-science; it's time to reject political movements that turn their backs on science, Paul Nurse, New Scientist, 17 September 2011
  51. ↑ Predefinição:Cite news
  52. ↑ Predefinição:Cite web
  53. ↑ https://www.ft.com/content/088b804f-15e0-4a8e-b32d-146a826b8d6c
  54. ↑ https://www.davidficklingbooks.com/shop/ItemDetails.php?pubID=281
  55. ↑ Predefinição:Cite book
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